LipidRescue™ Resuscitation

Laboratory Studies: Local Anesthetic Toxicity

• Tang W, et al. The Effect of Lipid Emulsion on Pharmacokinetics of Bupivacaine in Rats: Long-Chain Triglyceride Versus Long- and Medium-Chain Triglyceride. Anesth Analg. 2016 Nov;123(5):1116-1122.
• Luo M, et al. Giving Priority to Lipid Administration Can Reduce Lung Injury Caused by Epinephrine in Bupivacaine-Induced Cardiac Depression. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Jul-Aug;41(4):469-76.
• Heinonen JA, et al. The effects of intravenous lipid emulsion on hemodynamic recovery and myocardial cell mitochondrial function after bupivacaine toxicity in anesthetized pigs. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016 May 24. [Epub ahead of print]
• Heinonen JA, et al. Intravenous lipid emulsion for levobupivacaine intoxication in acidotic and hypoxaemic pigs. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2016 Mar;44(2):270-7.
• Lv D, et al. Lipid emulsion reverses bupivacaine-induced apoptosis of h9c2 cardiomyocytes: PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;42:85-91.
• Ok SH, et al. Lipid emulsion-mediated reversal of toxic-dose aminoamide local anesthetic-induced vasodilation in isolated rat aorta. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2013 Apr;64(4):353-9.
• Fettiplace MR, et al. Cardiac depression induced by cocaine or cocaethylene is alleviated by lipid emulsion more effectively than by sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. Acad Emerg Med. 2015 May;22(5):508-17.
• Fettiplace MR, et al. Insulin Signaling in Bupivacaine-induced Cardiac Toxicity: Sensitization during Recovery and Potentiation by Lipid Emulsion. Anesthesiology. 2016 Feb;124(2):428-42.
• Wu G, et al. Lipid emulsion mitigates local anesthesia-induced central nervous system toxicity in rats. Exp Ther Med. 2015 Sep;10(3):1133-1138. Epub 2015 Jun 24.
• Hori K, et al. The significant contribution of the partitioning effect in lipid resuscitation for bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity: evaluation using centrifuged solution in vivo and in isolated hearts. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Dec;115(6):935-7.
• Mamou Z, et al. Electrophysiological, haemodynamic, and mitochondrial alterations induced by levobupivacaine during myocardial ischemia in a pig model: protection by lipid emulsions? Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Oct;29(5):439-49.
• Yang L, et al. Rescue effect of lipid emulsion on bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity in cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep;12(3):3739-47.
• Udelsmann A, Melo Mde S. Hemodynamic changes with two lipid emulsions for treatment of bupivacaine toxicity in swines. Acta Cir Bras. 2015 Feb;30(2):87-93.
• Clark LA, Beyer J, Graudins A. An in vitro analysis of the effects of intravenous lipid emulsion on free and total local anaesthetic concentrations in human blood and plasma. Crit Care Res Pract. 2014;2014:236520.
• Karcioğlu M, et al. Efficacy of resuscitation with Intralipid in a levobupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest model. Turk J Med Sci. 2014;44(2):330-6.
• Heinonen JA, et al. Intravenous lipid emulsion given to volunteers does not affect symptoms of lidocaine brain toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015 Apr;116(4):378-83.
• Carreiro S, Blum J, Hack JB. Pretreatment with intravenous lipid emulsion reduces mortality from cocaine toxicity in a rat model. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 Jul;64(1):32-7.
• Chen H, et al. Measurement of the efficacy of 2% lipid in reversing bupivacaine- induced asystole in isolated rat hearts. BMC Anesthesiol. 2014 Jul 30;14:60.
• Gokahmetoglu G, et al. The effect of levosimendan combined with 20% lipid emulsion treatment on survival from bupivacaine induced toxicity in experiment. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2014;115(5):275-9.
• Fettiplace MR, et al. Resuscitation with lipid emulsion: dose-dependent recovery from cardiac pharmacotoxicity requires a cardiotonic effect. Anesthesiology. 2014 Apr;120(4):915-25.
• Lemoine S, et al. Effect of long-chain triglyceride lipid emulsion on bupivacaine-induced changes in electrophysiological parameters of rabbit Purkinje cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Oct;28(5):481-8.
• Ok SH, et al. Lipid emulsion-mediated reversal of toxic-dose aminoamide local anesthetic-induced vasodilation in isolated rat aorta. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2013 Apr;64(4):353-9.
• Hori K, et al. The effect of lipid emulsion on intracellular bupivacaine as a mechanism of lipid resuscitation: an electrophysiological study using voltage-gated proton channels. Anesth Analg. 2013 Dec;117(6):1293-301.
• Aumeier C, et al. Lipid emulsion pretreatment has different effects on mepivacaine and bupivacaine cardiac toxicity in an isolated rat heart model. Br J Anaesth. 2014 Apr;112(4):735-41.
• Fettiplace MR, et al. Intraosseous lipid emulsion: an effective alternative to IV delivery in emergency situations. Crit Care Med. 2014 Feb;42(2):e157-60.
• Lee SH, et al. Lipid emulsions enhance the norepinephrine-mediated reversal of local anesthetic-induced vasodilation at toxic doses. Yonsei Med J. 2013 Nov;54(6):1524-32
• de Queiroz Siqueira M, et al. Resuscitation with lipid, epinephrine, or both in levobupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity in newborn piglets. Br J Anaesth. 2014 Apr;112(4):729-34.
• Nadrowitz F, et al. The distinct effects of lipid emulsions used for "lipid resuscitation" on gating and bupivacaine-induced inhibition of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. Anesth Analg. 2013 Nov;117(5):1101-8.
• Evans JA, et al. Binding of local anaesthetics to the lipid emulsion Clinoleic™ 20%. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013 Sep;41(5):618-22.
• Oda Y, Ikeda Y. Effect of lipid emulsion on the central nervous system and cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in awake rats. J Anesth. 2013 Aug;27(4):500-4.
• Shi K, et al. The effect of lipid emulsion on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of bupivacaine in rats. Anesth Analg. 2013 Apr;116(4):804-9.
• Kuo I, Akpa BS. Validity of the lipid sink as a mechanism for the reversal of local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model study. Anesthesiology. 2013 Jun;118(6):1350-61.
• Papadopoulou A, et al, The use of dye surrogates to illustrate local anesthetic drug sequestration by lipid emulsion: a visual demonstration of the lipid sink effect.Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012 Mar;37(2):183-7.
• Ruan W, et al. A Mixed (Long- and Medium-chain) Triglyceride Lipid Emulsion Extracts Local Anesthetic from Human Serum In Vitro More Effectively than a Long-chain Emulsion. Anesthesiology. 2012 Feb;116(2):334-339.
• Li Z, Xia Y, Dong X, et al. Lipid resuscitation of bupivacaine toxicity: long-chain triglyceride emulsion provides benefits over long- and medium-chain triglyceride emulsion. X Anesthesiology. 2011 Dec;115(6):1219-28
• Mauch J, et al. Comparison of epinephrine vs lipid rescue to treat severe local anesthetic toxicity - an experimental study in piglets. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011 Nov;21(11):1103-8.
• Buckenmaier CC 3rd, et al. The Effect of Lipid Emulsion Infusion on Postmortem Ropivacaine Concentrations in Swine: Endeavoring to Comprehend a Soldier's Death. Anesth Analg. 2011 Aug 24
• French D, et al. Serum verapamil concentrations before and after Intralipid® therapy during treatment of an overdose.Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011 Apr;49(4):340-4.
• Mauch J, et al. Resuscitation strategies from bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of print]
• Bushey BA, et al. Combined lipid emulsion and ACLS resuscitation following bupivacaine- and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular collapse in unanesthetized swine. AANA J. 2011 Apr;79(2):129-38.
• Harvey M, et al. Epinephrine injection in lipid-based resuscitation from bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest: transient circulatory return in rabbits. Anesth Analg. 2010 Sep;111(3):791-6.
• Candela D, et al. Reversal of bupivacaine-induced cardiac electrophysiologic changes by two lipid emulsions in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets. Anesth Analg. 2010 May 1; 110(5): 1473-9
• Hiller DB, et al. Safety of high volume lipid emulsion infusion: a first approximation of LD50 in rats. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 Mar-Apr;35(2):140-4.
• Hiller DB, et al. Epinephrine impairs lipid resuscitation from bupivacaine overdose: a threshold effect. Anesthesiology. 2009 Sep;111(3):498-505.
• Di Gregorio G, et al. Lipid emulsion is superior to vasopressin in a rodent model of resuscitation from toxin-induced cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2009 Mar;37(3):993-9
• Weinberg GL, et al. Resuscitation with lipid versus epinephrine in a rat model of bupivacaine overdose. Anesthesiology. 2008 May;108(5):907-13
• Weinberg GL, et al. Lipid infusion accelerates removal of bupivacaine and recovery from bupivacaine toxicity in the isolated rat heart. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006 Jul-Aug;31(4):296-303.
• Weinberg G, et al. Lipid emulsion infusion rescues dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2003 May-Jun;28(3):198-202.
• Weinberg GL, et al. Bupivacaine inhibits acylcarnitine exchange in cardiac mitochondria. Anesthesiology. 2000 Feb;92(2):523-8.
• Weinberg GL, et al. Pretreatment or resuscitation with a lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats. Anesthesiology. 1998 Apr;88(4):1071-5