LipidRescue™ Resuscitation

Research: Bupivacaine Cardiac Preservation

• Grunbaum AM; Gilfix BM; Gosselin S; Analytical interferences resulting from intravenous lipid emulsion. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012; 50(9):812-7.
• Ross JD, Ripper R, Law WR, Massad M, Murphy P, Edelman L, Conlon B,Adding bupivacaine to high-potassium cardioplegia improves function and reduces cellular damage of rat isolated hearts after prolonged, cold storage.Anesthesiology. 2006 Oct;105(4):746-52.
  Ironically, bupivacaine is a good cardioprotectant. This suggests that bupivacaine toxicity should be entirely reversible, with no permanent cardiac damage.
• Weinberg G, Paisanthasan C, Feinstein D, Hoffman W. The effect of bupivacaine on myocardial tissue hypoxia and acidosis during ventricular fibrillation.Anesth Analg. 2004 Mar;98(3):790-5,
  This paper reports that bupivacaine protects the heart against the tissue acidosis in 'no flow' states. This might explain successful lipid resuscitation in animals and case reports after long 'downtimes'.